Sans Serif
Designer: Ferdinand Theinhardt & G.G. Lange
Other Fonts: Theinhardt was a known type-cutter who cut Royal Grotesk which was later renamed Akzidenz-Grotesk when it was combined with other weights and fonts by G.G. Lange.
Date: 1896
Classification: Grotesk
Family Members: Light, Light Oldstyle Figures, Italic, Medium, Medium Italic, Bold Italic, Super, Light Extended, Medium Extended, Bold Extended Italic.
Old Style
Created to replace blackletter, low contrast between thick and thin strokes, bracketed serifs, and left leaning stress on the letters. The typefaces would have been modeled after calligraphy.
Examples: Bembo, Sabon, Caslon
Transitional
Between Old Style and Modern. More contrast between thick and thin strokes, less leaning stress (now more vertical), and sharper serifs. The changes were dramatic for the time, considering fonts has stayed the same for so long.
Examples: Baskerville, Mrs Eaves, Swift
Modern
Incredibly high contrast between thin and thick strokes, thin straight serifs, and a vertical axis.
Examples: Bodoni, Didot, Walbaum
Slab Serif
Thick fonts, with no variation in stroke with, thick straight serifs.
Examples: Volta, Belizio, Clarendon
Sans Serif
Lacking serifs, varies from humanist to geometric. Popular in the 60s with Swiss type designers,
Examples: Akzidenz-Grotesk, Meta, Futura
Stroke Weight
The width or thickness of a line in a character
Axis/Stress
An imaginary line drawn through, where the stroke changes widths, and where that change occurs. The stress can be vertical, left, or right.
Small caps
Shorter than the capitals of the typeface, usually the same size, or slightly taller than the x-height
Lining Figures
The characters align with the baseline and the cap height.
Non-aligning figures
Old-style figures, the characters extend beyond the baseline or cap height, align with the ascenders and descenders of the lower-case letters
Ligatures
Two letters combined into one character. A way of correcting characters that overlap, such as f and i, when next to each other.
Type Measurement:
Points and picas are ways to measure type. 1 inch divided by 6 = One Pica, 1 inch = 72 points.
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